The National Health Service (NHS) England has launched a national genetic testing programme to assess the risk of kidney failure in potential kidney donors of Black African and Black Caribbean heritage.
The programme uses a simple blood test to identify high-risk variants of the APOL1 gene, which are associated with an increased likelihood of kidney disease. These genetic variants are predominantly found in individuals of Black African and Black Caribbean heritage.
NHS England Chief Executive Amanda Pritchard said: “It’s great news that this simple blood test on the NHS will help protect donors of Black African and Black Caribbean heritage who are selflessly coming forward to try and save lives.
“We know kidney failure disproportionately impacts people from Black African and Black Caribbean heritage and this genetic test will not only help keep potential donors safe from future kidney disease, but it will also enable NHS staff to monitor those most at risk, which could ultimately improve hundreds of lives.”
Under the programme, clinicians will conduct approximately 160 tests annually to determine donor suitability and evaluate the long-term risk of kidney failure.
Individuals under the age of 60 who test positive for high-risk APOL1 gene variants will be advised against kidney donation to reduce the risk of future health complications.
According to NHS England, this initiative addresses a documented disparity. Individuals of Black African and Black Caribbean descent are more likely to experience kidney failure and require transplants compared to those of White heritage.
For individuals identified as having a higher genetic risk, the programme provides access to regular kidney monitoring and targeted advice on lifestyle and dietary changes. These measures aim to mitigate the progression of kidney disease among high-risk groups.
NHS England said that research has indicated individuals carrying two high-risk APOL1 variants face an elevated risk. Data suggests that three in five donors with these genetic markers develop kidney disease later in life.
The healthcare system anticipates conducting 500 genetic tests over the next three years, specifically targeting individuals of Black African and Black Caribbean heritage who are considering kidney donation. The testing process involves identifying APOL1 variants and informing potential donors of their risk level, allowing for more informed decisions about donation suitability.
This nationwide rollout follows a request from members of Bristol Health Partners’ Kidney Disease Health Integration Team, alongside the University of Bristol and North Bristol NHS Trust.
The programme is supported by genomic laboratories in the South West and South East of England, where blood samples from across the UK will be analysed.
